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| MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Features and Benefits Conforms with ISO14443A (2) Conforms with ISO14443B (3) Confroms with ISO15693 Programmable encoder and decoder Low external component count (1)(3) Applications Portable data terminals Access control readers Contact-less payment terminals Smart label printer (1).Purchase of MLX90121s doesn't imply any grant of any ISO14443A license. Customers are advised to sign patent licensing agreements with all third parties, especially those companies listed in the introduction of the corresponding standard. (2) RATP / Innovatron Technology (3) Conformance with ISO/IEC15693 "long distance mode" (6.6kb/s ASK) and ISO/IEC14443A is limited to a temperature range from OC to 85C. Ordering Information Part No. MLX90121 MLX90121 Temperature Suffix C (0C to 70C) E (-40C to 85C) Package Code FR (Lead free SSOP20, 20 9 mils) FR (Lead free SSOP20, 2 09 mils) Option code --- 1. Functional Diagram 2. Description The MLX90121 is an ISO compliant 13.56MHz RFID transceiver integrated circuit. The main features include user selectable modulation depth in write mode, whereas single sub-carrier ASK, FSK and PSK modulations are recognized in the read mode. The receiver is based on a diode envelope detector, followed by an IF filter and amplifier. A logarithmic amplifier is used for single subcarrier ASK detection, ensuring fast and clean data recovery. The limiting output of the log amp is used for FSK and PSK recovery. The transmitter uses a built in open drain output transistor, which can provide up to 250 miliwatts of RF power to a 50 ohms load with a 5 volts power supply using the recommended matching network. This is suitable for most short to mid range applications. A simplified antenna and matching network can be used, at the expense of a reduced reading range, for example in hand-held reader applications. The chip is configured with a serial interface. A synchronization signal is available when the majority voting is used. Digital part contains ASK, FSK (423 / 484kHz) and PSK (847kHz) decoders and a programmable encoder to facilitate data handling with a low cost microcontroller. The encoder can be programmed with 6 different patterns. The chip can also be used as an analog frontend, in direct mode. Attenuation resistor RX TX Impedance matching Analog functions MLX90121 Digital functions Serial data interface Microcontroller 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 1 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURES AND BENEFITS ....................................................................................................................... 1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................................ 1 ORDERING INFORMATION......................................................................................................................... 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM................................................................................................................... 1-1 DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................................... 2-1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ....................................................................................................................... 3 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ....................................................................................................... 3 MLX90121 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................... 3 MLX90121 SPECIFIC SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................. 4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................... 6 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION .......................................................................................................... 7 BLOCK DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................................ 8 10. DIGITAL INTERFACE ........................................................................................................................... 8 11. OPERATING MODES............................................................................................................................ 9 11.1. DEFINITIONS ...............................................................................................................................................9 11.2. CONFIGURATION MODE ..............................................................................................................................9 11.3. COMMUNICATION MODES.........................................................................................................................10 11.3.1. Transmission ........................................................................................................................................10 11.3.2. Reception..............................................................................................................................................14 11.4. POWER MODES..........................................................................................................................................18 11.5. XBUF OUTPUT .........................................................................................................................................19 12. CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ......................................................................................................... 20 13. CONFIGURATION REGISTERS: ISO CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES ............................................ 22 14. STANDARD INFORMATION REGARDING MANUFACTURABILITY OF MELEXIS PRODUCTS WITH DIFFERENT SOLDERING PROCESSES ........................................................................................ 23 15. ESD PRECAUTIONS........................................................................................................................... 23 16. PACKAGE INFORMATION................................................................................................................. 24 17. DISCLAIMER ....................................................................................................................................... 26 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 2 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 3. Glossary of Terms RFID ISO ASK FSK PSK Radio Frequency IDentification International Organization for Standardization / International Electro-technical Commission. Amplitude Shift Keying Frequency Shift Keying Phase Shift Keying 4. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Supply voltage (VDD with respect to VSS) Input voltage on any pin (except TX) Maximum power dissipation (without heat sink) Maximum junction temperature Storage temperature Symbol VDD Vin Pmax Tj Tstor -55 Condition DC Min -0.3 -0.3 Max 6 VDD+0.3 500 +150 +150 Unit V V mW C C Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute-maximumrated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 5. MLX90121 Electrical Specifications TA = -40 C to +85 C, or 0C to +70 C according to the version, VDD = 5Volts, unless otherwise noted. On board resonator is used. Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units General DC Parameters Operating supply voltage range Standby current consumption Idle mode current consumption Transmit current VDD Istb Idle Itr VDD with respect to VSS VDD = 5.5 V - TA = +85 C TA = +25 C VDD = 5.5V - Analog section off VDD = 3V, XBUF output disabled 50 Ohms load VDD = 3V 2.7 5 3 0.1 3 1 80 45 5.5 30 10 5 3 120 70 V A A mA mA mA mA 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 3 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 6. MLX90121 Specific Specifications DC Operating Parameters TA = -40oC to 85oC, or 0oC to +70oC according to the version, VDD = 5V (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Transmitter specifications Peak voltage applied on drain of output transistor Output transistor power dissipation Output transistor ON resistance Output power for five volts operation Amplitude modulation depth adjustment range, in 10% mode, with external resistor connected between RMOD pin and ground. Amplitude modulation depth in 10% mode with nominal external resistor (10) Minimum depth for 100% ASK Rise time for 100% ASK Fall time for 100% ASK Rise and fall time for 10% modulation depth ( nominal external resistor used) With heat sink Id = 50 mA See note 1 See note 1 0 2 250 90 32 600 5 V mW mW % Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units See note 1 8 10 14 % See note 1 50 Ohms load - 5% to 60% 50 Ohms load - 5% to 90% 50 Ohms load - 100% to 5% 50 Ohms load 40 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.5 dB s s s s Receiver specifications Small signal input impedance (RX) Input RF voltage range (RX - VSS) Receiver sensitivity FSK IF filter cut off points Gain, in FSK mode (FM output) Gain, in ASK mode (AM output) With 4.7k series external resistor See note 2 -35 100 2 -45 200-1400 120 80 3 k Vpp dBm kHz dB dB 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 4 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Serial link and digital I/O Output current drive Output voltage low Output voltage high Input voltage high Input voltage low CK pulse General setup time General hold time Pulse time between successive registers writing Crystal Oscillator Frequency range Start-up time Xtal series resistance Fxtal Tstart ISO compliant applications 13.56 2 50 5 100 MHz ms Iol Vol Voh Vih Vil TCK Ts Th Tmw "0" level pulse or "1" level pulse Vol 0.4 Volt Iol max=4mA Ioh max=4mA 4 0 4.6 0.7 * VDD -0.3 500 60 60 5 0.2 4.8 0.4 5 mA V V VDD + 0.3 V 0.3 * VDD V ns ns ns s External clock signal specifications Min sine wave amplitude, AC coupled Input on pin XTAL2 Min sine wave amplitude, DC coupled Input on pin XTAL2 see note 3 1 VDD VPP Input has to be centered around Vdd/2 1 VDD VPP XBUF output specifications XBUF Low Level (Col) XBUF High Level (Coh) Rise and fall times (10%-90%) 1K load resistor 1K load resistor 1K load resistor//12pF 0.1 4.8 3 V V ns Notes 1. Parameter measured using recommended output matching network. 2. This parameter is measured using a base band signal for all specified modulation modes. The measurement is made at the DOUT output with the input diode detector bypassed. 3. The external clock symmetry is of paramount importance. It has a direct influence on the transmitter output power. When using a sine wave as external clock input, it must not show visible distortion. In case a square wave is used, its duty cycle has to be equal to 50%. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 5 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 7. General Description fed to a comparator. To avoid signal degradation, the time constant of the comparator has to be switched from fast response during acquisition to a slow time constant during the tags response. This is done by switching the CK signal at the beginning of the response of the tag. The recovered data stream is fed to the digital section for further processing. Majority Voting Both FSK/PSK or ASK can use the Majority Voting function that will filter for noise and jitter, that will correct distorted signals and will hence improve performance. Reference clock and internal oscillator The reference clock may be obtained externally by applying a suitable clock signal to the XTAL1 pin. A sine wave centered at VCC/2 or a CMOS logic compatible signal is an acceptable external system clock. The built-in reference oscillator will work either with a quartz crystal or a ceramic resonator. The nominal system clock frequency is 13.56 MHz. Reset defaults and power management After a power on reset has been performed, the device is put in its default configuration. There are three power modes available. In the transmission mode, the device is fully powered. In the idle mode, only the reference oscillator is running. This allows for a fast start up. In the power down mode, the device internal bias system is completely switched off, offering essentially a zero state. Serial communication interface The communication interface normally uses 6 wires: CK: serial clock input DIN: data input DOUT: data output DSYNC: synchronization output for DOUT MODE: configuration or communication selection input RTB: reception or transmission selection input. Power supply The 90121 requires a nominal 3 or 5 volts external power supply. Operation is guaranteed between 2.7 and 5.5 Volts. The current drain depends on the antenna impedance and the output matching network configuration. Care must be taken about the power supply: power supply ripple and noise will severely degrade the overall system performance. Transmitter The output transistor is a low Ron MOSFET. The drain is directly accessible on the TX pin. A recommended application schematic optimized to drive a resistive fifty ohms antenna with a five volts power supply is provided as a part of this specification. A simple resonant circuit or/and a simpler matching network can be connected to the output. In that case, the general performance and harmonic suppression will be reduced. 100 % modulation is achieved by means of gating the square wave drive of the output transistor. A variable modulation depth is obtained by means of switching a resistor in series with the output transistors' source connection. An external resistor provides the default modulation depth setting. Increasing this external resistor will increase the modulation depth. Receiver The receiver input is typically connected to the antenna through an external resistor. The modulation from the tag is then recovered by means of a diode envelope detector. FSK and PSK recovery The demodulated input signal is amplified and band pass filtered. The signal is then hard limited by a logarithmic amplifier, and fed to the digital section. PSK decoded, FSK decoded or a direct FSK signal can be used for further decoding. ASK recovery For ASK recovery, the high pass sections of the band pass filters are removed, to avoid falling edge degradation by the filter settling time. The signal is DC coupled and fed to the input of the logarithmic amplifier. The logarithmic amplifier works as a high gain amplifier and at the same time it generates the envelope of the ASK signal. The demodulated output from the log amp is then 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 6 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 8. Applications Information This schematic has been optimized to drive a fifty ohms resistive antenna, using a five volts power supply. Functional description The transmitter output TX is connected to the supply by means of a choke L3. C3 is added to avoid a high dV/dt at the TX output in case of a sudden interruption of the current in the choke. C3 is chosen high enough to protect the chip, but low enough to keep the resonance of L3-C3 well above 13.56 MHz. The transmitter signal is coupled with DC blocking capacitor C2 to the antenna matching network, which is a T network made up by L2, CV1 and L1. CV1 allows a proper matching between the 50Ohm antenna and the output impedance of the transmitter stage. The receiver part of the chip gets its signal directly from the antenna by means of R1. It limits the voltage swing at the RX pin to a level in between the supplies. One should take care to properly decouple the power supplies of the chip. Especially the Vdd1 supply which is used for the transmitter output. Any amplitude noise on that supply is AM modulated on the carrier and will hence be perceived as noise by the receiver part. The same holds for any phase noise that gets introduced into the quartz oscillator. For the signal that goes to- and from the microcontroller: one should take care to keep them as far as possible from the analog parts and the quartz oscillator. To do a first evaluation, it is highly recommended to use the MLX90121 evaluation board that can be ordered from Melexis. The clock for the microcontroller can also be derived from the XBUF pin. This pin provides a 13.56MHz buffered clock or 13.56MHz divided by 2. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 7 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 9. Block Diagram Digital AM RX FM Majority Voting DOUT FSK Decoder PSK Decoder Programmable Encoder TX PA XTAL DIN RMOD 13.56MHz XBUF 10. Digital Interface The MLX90121 is driven by four signals: MODE and RTB pins are used to select the operating mode and DIN and CK pins are used to configure the chip and to transmit data. The MLX90121 has two signal outputs. DOUT contains the decoded response of the transponder and DSYNC is used as a synchronization output by the microcontroller. Pin Name MODE RTB DIN CK DOUT DSYNC Function Summary MODE 0 1 0 1 RTB 0 0 1 1 Function Configuration Transmission Reserved (*) Reception I/O I I I I O O Function 0 = Configuration Mode, 1 = Communication Mode 0 = Transmission Mode, 1 = Reception Mode Data Input for Transmission or Configuration Clock and Trigger Data Output from Reception or Configuration Data Synchronization Clock for Transmission or Reception (*) the reserved mode is for manufacturing purpose only and should not be applied by the user. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 8 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 11. Operating Modes 11.1. Definitions There are two main operating modes: * MODE = 0 : Configuration Mode * MODE = 1 : Communication Mode The configuration mode allows writing in the configuration registers. It will configure all parameters in the transceiver. The communication mode allows communicating with a transponder. Different options are available: * Direct transmission: The transmission protocol is handled by an external microcontroller. * Hardware transmission: The low level protocol is handled by an internal programmable encoder. It allows using a low cost microcontroller. * Direct reception: The reception protocol is handled by an external microcontroller. * Hardware reception: FSK/PSK decoders and Majority Voting can be enabled to allow using a low cost microcontroller. 11.2. Configuration Mode Registers Addresses For configuration purposes, users have access to 13 eight bit registers, which can be addressed using a 4 bit address. Address 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Register name AnalogConfig PowerState Reserved (*) DigitalConfig EncoderSym0 EncoderSym1 EncoderSym2 EncoderSym3 EncoderSym4 EncoderSym5 EncoderTimeRef DecoderTimeRef LTC (*) the reserved register is for manufacturing purpose only and should not be used. Write Configuration Registers First the MODE line is asserted low to enable the configuration mode. Then data is fed serially into the chip with the CK and DIN lines. Data on the DIN line is read on the rising edge of CK. The first four bits on DIN are the register address and the eight following bits are the data. Address and data fields are written MSB (Most Significant Bit) first. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 9 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver MODE DIN CK MSB LSB MSB LSB Address Data RTB After sending address and data, the MODE line is asserted high and the chip is ready to receive the next register configuration. Signal MODE RTB DIN CK DOUT DSYNC Assign 0 0 4-bit Address + 8-bit Data 12 clock pulses x x Notes 1. If a register does not contain eight bits, write `0' in the unused bit. 2. When MODE is asserted high, the chip is in communication mode. If the encoder is disabled (by default), DIN has to be kept at `1' to avoid any modulation on the antenna. 3. In case of successive registers writings, it is mandatory to have MODE asserted high for at least Tmw = 5s in between each access, as shown in the following diagram. Writing 1 MODE CK Tmw Writing 2 11.3. Communication Modes 11.3.1. Transmission 11.3.1.a. Analog Setup For the transmission, the modulation depth has to be chosen. This is done by the TModIndex bit of the AnalogConfig register, which selects the modulation index: 10% or 100%. The modulation index can be further tuned by means of the external RMOD resistor. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 10 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 11.3.1.b. Direct Transmission Before analog processing, data transmission can be either direct or pre-processed by means of hardware accelerators. Direct transmission can be performed with the following setup: Signal MODE RTB DIN CK OUT DSYNC Assign 1 0 Data to transmit 0 x x Data has to be transmitted in real time by the microcontroller on DIN input. The modulation is done when DIN is asserted low, so by default DIN has to be asserted high. If a configuration register has to be written, keep DIN high when MODE is asserted low. In configuration mode, the field is held without modulation independently of DIN. 11.3.1.c. Hardware Encoding Transmission This programmable encoder allows predefining six different patterns of 8 bits. The encoder is selected by setting the bit EncoderEn in the DigitalConfig register. Symbol Setup The six symbols are called EncoderSym0 to EncoderSym5. There is a seventh symbol which is hardcoded to 0xFF (11111111). A symbol is built with 8 bits as shown in the following figure. Symbol Code 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 ISO Examples The ISO15693 protocol, mode 1 out of 4, is implemented using six symbols as shown in the following table. Start of frame (SOF), end of frame (EOF) and pulses are all encoded using one symbol. ISO15693 (1 out of 4) Symbol Sym0 Sym1 Sym2 Sym3 Sym4 Sym5 Name Pulse1 Pulse2 Pulse3 Pulse4 SOF EOF Code 10111111 11101111 11111011 11111110 01111011 11011111 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 11 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver The ISO15693 protocol, mode 1 out of 256, is implemented using three symbols. Start of frame (SOF), end of frame (EOF) and pulses encoding result of the combination of these three symbols. ISO15693 (1 out of 256) ISO15693 (1 out of 256) Symbol Sym0 Sym1 Sym2 Note * Code 11111111 11110000 00001111 Name SOF EOF Pulse 1 to 256 Combination Sym2+2*Sym0+Sym1 Sym0+Sym2 255*Sym0+Sym1 The position of the symbol Sym1 encodes pulses from 1 to 256. For example: Pulse1 = Sym1 + 255*Sym0 and Pulse45 = 44*Sym0 + Sym1 + 211*Sym0. The ISO14443 -A protocol is implemented using three symbols, according to the ISO specification. ISO14443-A Symbol Sym0 Sym1 Sym2 Name X Y Z Code 11110011 11111111 00111111 The ISO14443 -B protocol is implemented with only two symbols. This allows fast addressing with only one CK pulse. ISO14443-B Symbol Sym0 Sym1 Name L H Code 00000000 11111111 Time Reference Setup The time reference is defined in the EncoderTimeRef register. The time reference contains the value of one bit time. Hence Symbol _ Time = 8 * Bit _ Time The bit time is defined by the EncTimeRef parameter. EncTimeRef is an integer value, it is calculated as follows: Bit _ Time -1 EncTime Re f = 1 3.39 Mhz EncTimeRef is coded on 5 bits. This means that Bit_Time_max = 9.44s and Symbol_Time_max = 75.52s. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 12 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver ISO Examples Norm ISO15693 (1 out of 4) ISO15693 (1 out of 256) ISO14443 Symbol Time 75.52 s 18.88 s 9.44 s Bit Time 9.44 s 2.36 s 1.18 s 0x1F (11111) 0x07 (00111) 0x03 (00011) EncTimeRef Symbol Transmission CK and DIN inputs are used to transmit symbols. On each rising edge of the CK signal, DIN is sampled to encode the address of the corresponding symbol. This means that each address of the seven available symbols can be encoded with a maximum of three bits (meaning three CK pulses). To reduce the usage of the microcontroller for fast protocol, Sym0 and Sym1 can be transmitted with only one bit and, Sym2 and Sym3 with two bits, as shown in the following table. Symbol First Symbol 3 bits are needed to initiate Transmission Sym0 Sym1 Sym2 Sym3 Sym4 Sym5 Sym6 (*) 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 Subsequent Symbols Reduced encoding possible (minimum 1 bit) 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 (*) Symbol 6 is hard coded to 0xFF (11111111). To initiate a transmission, it is necessary to send the first symbol with three CK pulses to initialize the communication. On every rising edge of DSYNC, the following symbol is sent. To complete the transmission, no more CK pulse should be sent after EOF symbol. 3 CK pulses are mandatory to start transmission Next modulation data available after the rising edge of DSYNC No CK pulse to complete the transmission DIN Sym2 Sym0 Sym3 Sym5 CK DSYNC Modulation Sym2 Sym0 Sym3 Sym5 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 13 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Signal MODE RTB DIN CK DOUT DSYNC Assign 1 0 Symbol to transmit Clock x Symbol Synchronization 11.3.2. Reception 11.3.2.a. Analog Setup For a proper reception, the analog chain has to be configured according to the following parameters in the AnalogConfig register: * * ByPassAll: It bypasses the analog filters in the analog chain. Must be enabled for AM reception. RSub-carrier: It selects the reception sub-carrier frequency - See table. RSub-carrier 0 1 Sub-carrier 423 / 484 kHz 847 kHz ISO Examples Standard ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier ISO15693-Dual Sub-carrier ISO14443-A ISO14443-B ByPassAll 1 0 1 0 RSub-carrier 0 0 1 1 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 14 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 11.3.2.b. Direct Reception After analog processing, data reception can be either direct or pre-processed by hardware accelerators, according to the configuration of the SelDOUT parameter in the DigitalConfig register. SelDout 00 01 10 11 Note * The output phase of PSK decoder is either normal or inverted. Output AM (direct) FM (direct) FSK (423/484 kHz) PSK (847 kHz) Hardware --FSK decoder PSK decoder ISO Standard ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier and ISO14443 - A -ISO15693-Dual Sub-carrier ISO14443-B Direct reception is achieved with the following setup. Signal MODE RTB DIN CK DOUT DSYNC 11.3.2.c. Reception with Majority Voting (MV) Majority voting allows to: * * * Filter noisy signal, Compensate for jitter, Correct distorted signals. Assign 1 1 1 0 Received data x At the beginning of the time slot (MVTime), an up / down counter is reset. When the input signal is asserted high, it is counting up and when the input signal is asserted low, it is counting down. At the end of time slot, the counter value is checked and the output value is set accordingly (low if counter is negative; high if counter is positive). Input signal Majority Voting MV output MVTime D1 D2 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 3 0 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -2 -3 D1 D2 Majority Voting Setup The following parameters in the DigitalConfig register have to be set when using majority voting. * * MVEn: it enables the majority voting function. DecTimeRef: it defines the duration of the time slot (MVTime) 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 15 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver MVTime -1 DecTime Re f = 1 6.78Mhz MVTime _ max = 37.76 s ISO examples Norm ISO15693 Single Sub-carrier - high baud rate ISO15693 Dual Sub-carrier - high baud rate ISO15693 Single Sub-carrier - low baud rate ISO15693 Dual Sub-carrier - low baud rate ISO1444-A ISO1444-B Note * For Manchester coding, majority voting is on half bit portions only. MVTime 18.88s (half bit) 18.73s (half bit) 37.6s 4.72s 9.44s (quarter bit) (half bit) (full bit) 37.46s (quarter bit) DecTimeRef 127 126 255 253 31 63 In addition, the MVMode parameter in the DigitalConfig register allows giving more weight to low input levels. Note * It is highly recommended to use Majority Voting for all ISO standard configurations. MV Reception To start a reception with majority voting function, assert CK high at the beginning of the response. Then take data on every falling edge of DSYNC. Reception is stopped by asserting CK low on the last rising edge of DSYNC. Data output are delayed by DecTimeRef (see next figure). CK DSYNC Input Signal DOUT D0 X D1 D0 D2 D1 D3 D2 D3 Input Signal Majority Voting DOUT 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 16 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Example in ISO1569-Dual Sub-carrier Input Signal DOUT CK MV start Standard ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier ISO15693-Dual Sub-carrier ISO14443-A ISO14443-B Reference for input signal Rising edge Rising edge Rising edge Rising / Falling edge Data Slicer LTC is an internal signal which controls the time constant of the comparator. This signal is switched to ensure a proper decoding in ASK modes in order to improve the reading performances. LTC is controlled according to the following parameters in the LTC register: * * LTCEn: it enables the LTC circuit. LTCDelay: delay to switch the time constant (see next table). RSSI + Delay LTC LTCDelay Recommended delay for ISO standard Standard ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier ISO14443-A DelayTime 4.72s 1.47s LTCDelay 0x1F 0x09 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 17 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Example in ISO15693-Single Sub-carrier Input Signal DOUT CK MV start LTC LTCDelay 11.4. Power Modes This chip has three power modes. To select one of these modes write the PowerState parameter in the PowerState register. PowerState 00 01 11 Power Mode Low Power Transmitter On Power Down Symbol Idle Itr Istb Power Down If the Power Down mode is selected, the crystal oscillator will be turned off. Therefore, it will be impossible to write the PowerState register to wake up the chip. To wake up the chip, it is necessary to send a falling edge on CK when DIN is low. During Power Down mode, keep DIN high to avoid glitches on CK. Wake-up MODE CK DIN PowerDown PowerOn Notes * After a wake-up, the chip has to be set in Transmitter On or Low Power mode by updating the PowerState register, after Tstart. Low Power The oscillator is still on but all analog circuitry is off. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 18 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 11.5. XBUF Output The XBUF pin can be used to clock a device or a microcontroller. By default the output is enabled with a frequency of 6.78MHz. The frequency can be doubled to 13.56MHz by setting the bit XBUFSel. When the output is not used, it is recommended to disable the clock by setting the bit XBUFEnB. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 19 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 12. Configuration Registers The following tables explain the meaning of the bit configurations in the 13 registers. Register : AnalogConfig Address : 0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1:0 Notes ByPassAll 0 1 Demodulation FSK / PSK ASK Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name XBUFSel XBUFEnB TModIndex RSub-carrier Reserved ByPassAll Reserved Function XBUF frequency selection (0 = 6.78MHz, 1 = 13.56MHz ) XBUF Enable (0= Enabled, 1 = Disabled) Transmission Modulation Index (0 = 100%, 1= 10%) Reception Sub-carrier (0 = 450K , 1 = 847K) - See notes Do not use - Should always be configured at 0 Bypass analog chain (0= Connected, 1 = Bypassed) - See notes Do not use - Should always be configured at 11 RSub-carrier 0 1 Sub-carrier frequency 423 / 484 kHz 847 kHz Register : PowerState Address : 1 Bit 7:2 1:0 Notes Power State [1:0] 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Mode Idle (oscillator on) Transmitter On Unused Power Down (oscillator off) Default 0 0 Name Reserved PowerState Function Do not use Chip Power State - See notes 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 20 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Register : Reserved Address : 2 Bit 7:0 Default 0 Name Reserved Function Do not use Register : DigitalConfig Address : 3 Bit 7:6 5 4 3 2:1 0 Notes SelDout 00 01 10 11 Output AM (DATA): `1' = sub carrier ; `0' = no sub carrier FM (LIMITER): rough digital signal FSK decoded: `1' when f = 423kHz, `0' when f = 484kHz PSK decoded Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name -Reserved MVMode MVEn SelDout EncoderEn Function Unused Do not use Majority Voting Mode (0 = other, 1 = ISO14443A) Majority Voting Enable (0=Disabled, 1 = Enabled) Reception Output Selection (see table) Hardware Encoder Enable (0=Disabled, 1 = Enabled) Register : EncoderSym Address : 4 to 9 Bit 7:0 7:0 7:0 7:0 7:0 7:0 Notes * Symbol 6 is hard-coded to 0xFF (11111111). Default 0 0 0 0 0 0 Name EncoderSym0 EncoderSym1 EncoderSym2 EncoderSym3 EncoderSym4 EncoderSym5 Function Encoder Symbol 0 Encoder Symbol 1 Encoder Symbol 2 Encoder Symbol 3 Encoder Symbol 4 Encoder Symbol 5 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 21 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver Register : EncoderTimeRef Address : A Bit 7:5 4:0 Default 0 0 Name -EncTimeRef Function Unused Encoder Time Reference Register : DecoderTimeRef Address : B Bit 7:0 Default 0 Name DecTimeRef Function Decoder Time Reference Register : LTC Address : C Bit 7:6 5:1 0 Default 0 0 0 Name -LTCDelay LTCEn Function Unused LTC Delay LTC Enable (0=Disabled, 1 = Enabled) 13. Configuration Registers: ISO Configuration Examples Norm ASK Address 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Notes * * All values are in hexadecimal notation. Transmitter is switched on. Page 22 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 Register AnalogConfig PowerState* Reserved DigitalConfig EncoderSym0 EncoderSym1 EncoderSym2 EncoderSym3 EncoderSym4 EncoderSym5 EncoderTimeRef DecoderTimeRef LTC High Baud Rate 100% modulation 47 01 00 09 BF EF FB FE 7B DF 1F 7F 3F ISO15693 FSK High Baud Rate 10% modulation 63 01 00 0D BF EF FB FE 7B DF 1F 7E 00 57 01 00 19 F3 FF 3F 00 00 00 03 1F 13 73 01 00 0F 00 FF 00 00 00 00 03 3F 00 A B ISO14443 3901090121 Rev. 007 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 14. Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture sensitivity level according to following test methods: Reflow Soldering SMD's (Surface Mount Devices) * * IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices (classification reflow profiles according to table 5-2) EIA/JEDEC JESD22-A113 Preconditioning of Nonhermetic Surface Mount Devices Prior to Reliability Testing (reflow profiles according to table 2) Wave Soldering SMD's (Surface Mount Devices) and THD's (Through Hole Devices) * * EN60749-20 Resistance of plastic- encapsulated SMD's to combined effect of moisture and soldering heat EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B106 and EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Iron Soldering THD's (Through Hole Devices) * EN60749-15 Resistance to soldering temperature for through-hole mounted devices Solderability SMD's (Surface Mount Devices) and THD's (Through Hole Devices) * EIA/JEDEC JESD22-B102 and EN60749-21 Solderability For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD's is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board. Melexis is contributing to global environmental conservation by promoting lead free solutions. For more information on qualifications of RoHS compliant products (RoHS = European directive on the Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) please visit the quality page on our website: http://www.melexis.com/quality.asp. 15. ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 23 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 16. Package Information The device is packaged in a 20 pin lead free SSOP package. Pin # 1 2 3 4 1 VDD1 2 TX 3 MOD 4 VSS1 5 XOUT 6 XIN 7 VSS2 8 XBUF 9 RES1 10 RTB RX 20 VSS3 19 RES2 18 VDD3 17 DSYNC 16 CK 15 Symbol VDD1 TX MOD VSS1 XOUT XIN VSS2 XBUF RES1 RTB DOUT VDD2 DIN MODE CK DSYNC VDD3 RES2 VSS3 RX Pin Type Supply Analog Analog Supply Dig-Out Dig-In Supply Dig-Out Reserved Dig-In Dig-Out Supply Dig-In Dig-In Dig-In Dig-Out Supply Reserved Supply Ana-In Description Transmitter power supply Output transistor drain connection External resistor to set modulation depth Transmitter section ground Output of crystal resonator Input of crystal resonator and external system clock input Digital section ground Buffered output of crystal oscillator Should be grounded for normal operation Receive/Transmit selection Data output Digital section power supply Data input for registers or modulation Configuration/Communication selection Serial clock input Data synchronization output Receiver section power supply Should be left unconnected for normal operation Receiver section ground Receiver input 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 MODE 14 DIN 13 VDD2 12 DOUT 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Moisture Sensitivity Level is MSL3, according as per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-20. The mechanical dimensions of this package are depicted on the following page. 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 24 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 25 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 MLX90121 13.56MHz RFID Transceiver 17. Disclaimer Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis' rendering of technical or other services. Important notice: The use of Melexis products or software to create products or systems that may infringe the Intellectual Property rights of third parties is entirely the responsibility of the customer and Melexis accepts no liability for such infringements. (c) 2005 Melexis NV. All rights reserved. For the latest version of this document, go to our website at: www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: Europe and Japan: Phone: +32 13 67 04 95 E-mail: sales_europe@melexis.com All other locations: Phone: +1 603 223 2362 E-mail: sales_usa@melexis.com ISO/TS 16949 and ISO14001 Certified 3901090121 Rev. 007 Page 26 of 26 Data Sheet Jan-2008 |
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